Consent education
A plain-language guide to informed consent
Use this guide to discover what a consent conversation covers and what to ask before you volunteer.
What informed consent actually is
Informed consent is an ongoing conversation, not a single signature. It is the process of learning what a study involves so you can decide freely whether to take part.
- You receive information about the study's purpose, procedures, and timeline.
- You have time to ask questions and talk with people you trust.
- You sign only when you feel ready, and you can still change your mind later.
Voluntary participation
Joining a study is always your choice. Saying no, or leaving later, should never affect the regular care or services you already receive.
- No one should pressure you to decide on the spot.
- You can withdraw at any point, for any reason.
- Ask how withdrawing works and what happens to information already collected.
Understanding study risks
Every consent document should describe known and possible risks in plain language, including discomforts, side effects, and time commitments.
- Look for how likely each risk is and how serious it could be.
- Ask what the study team will do if a problem comes up.
- Risks can include privacy and emotional effects, not only physical ones.
Potential benefits, described honestly
Some studies offer no direct personal benefit. A good consent form says so clearly and explains how the research may help others in the future.
- Benefits are possible, never promised.
- Be cautious of language that sounds certain about outcomes.
- Ask whether there are other options outside the study.
Confidentiality and your information
Consent documents explain who can see your information, how it is stored, and how long it is kept.
- Ask whether your data will be coded or de-identified.
- Find out who outside the study team may review records.
- Ask what happens to samples or data after the study ends.
How consent varies by study type
- General Clinical Research
- A broad term for studies that involve people and aim to answer health-related questions.
- Observational Studies
- Researchers observe and record information without assigning a specific intervention.
- Interventional Studies
- Volunteers are assigned to receive a specific intervention so researchers can study its effects.
- Behavioral Studies
- Studies that look at habits, choices, or programs such as sleep, exercise, or learning routines.